[۹] Michel

[۱۰] Moray

[۱۱] Alderfer

[۱۲] – Self- Determination

[۱۳] – Deci , Schwartz & Ryan

[۱۴] – Extrinsic Motivation

[۱۵] – Intrinsic Motivation

[۱۶] – Amotivation

[۱۷] – Deci & Ryan

[۱۸] – Ryan & Stiller

[۱۹] Pintrich

[۲۰] Whitehead

[۲۱] Wang , J .H.Y & Guthrie , J.T.

[۲۲] – Covington & Muller